In sumo wrestling, the moment when a wrestler tosses salt into the ring fascinates both local and international spectators. This is not just a pre-match gesture—it is a centuries-old purification ritual rooted in Shinto tradition, meant to ward off evil, sanctify the dohyo, and ensure the safety of the wrestlers.
The Reason and Deep Meaning Behind Sumo Wrestlers Throwing Salt onto the Dohyo
When watching sumo, the sight of a wrestler throwing salt onto the dohyo captures the attention of many spectators. This act is not just for show; it is a purification ritual with roots in ancient Shinto ceremonies. The dohyo is considered sacred ground, and matches are viewed as offerings before the gods. Therefore, purifying the dohyo is essential. Salt has long been believed to possess the power to ward off evil and cleanse spaces. Wrestlers throw salt to drive away bad spirits and to pray for the safety of both themselves and their opponents. For visitors from abroad, this ritual represents the fusion of religion and sport unique to Japan, highlighting sumo not merely as a competition but as a traditional sacred event.
The History of Salt Throwing and Its Connection to Shinto
The custom of throwing salt is deeply rooted in Shinto rituals in Japan. In Shinto belief, salt purifies and protects from impurity. This faith has existed since ancient times, as salt made from seawater was thought to contain the power of the life-giving ocean. Purification with salt is also performed at shrines and festivals. From the time when sumo was held as part of imperial court events and shrine festivals, the act of throwing salt has been passed down. The dohyo, raised and treated as sacred space, is always purified before entering. Even today, wrestlers bow, throw salt, and focus their mind before a match.
Table 1 Meaning and Purpose of Salt Throwing
| Purpose | Description |
|---|---|
| Warding off evil | Protect the dohyo from impurity |
| Safety prayers | Wish to prevent injury or accidents |
| Sanctification | Prepare the dohyo as a ritual space |
| Mental focus | Help wrestlers concentrate |
Cultural Background Linking the Dohyo and Salt
Salt throwing is not merely a lucky charm; it also shows the audience the ceremonial side of sumo. The dohyo is built in an octagonal shape with posts at the corners and a roof resembling a Shinto shrine, emphasizing its sacredness. Throwing salt keeps the space pure. Interestingly, the amount and manner of throwing salt differ between wrestlers, and their boldness or subtlety is part of the enjoyment of watching sumo. For example, a wrestler who throws salt high and wide expresses confidence and fighting spirit, while one who sprinkles it quietly shows calm readiness. These gestures can reveal the wrestler’s personality and mental state.
Table 2 Differences in Wrestlers’ Salt-Throwing Styles
| Style | Features | Audience Impression |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamic | Throws salt high and wide | Feels spirited and confident |
| Modest | Sprinkles quietly at close range | Appears calm and composed |
| Ritual-focused | Performs bows and gestures with care | Feels highly formal and dignified |
The Charm of Salt Throwing for Foreign Spectators
For foreigners, sumo is both a sport and a deeply ritualized experience. Salt throwing is a symbolic moment, giving the impression of witnessing a religious ceremony. While some sports abroad have pre-game prayers or rituals, few display such a bold and repeated gesture before the audience. Many tourists photograph or film the act of throwing salt, sharing it as a cultural icon. In doing so, they help spread the mystique of sumo and the depth of Japanese culture to the world.
Table 3 Comparison of Pre-Match Rituals in Japan and Abroad
| Country/Region | Type of Ritual | Features |
|---|---|---|
| Japan (Sumo) | Salt throwing | Shinto purification |
| USA (Baseball) | National anthem | Shows respect for the nation |
| Europe (Soccer) | Handshakes/line-up | Symbol of fair play |
| India (Cricket) | Prayer | Often includes religious devotion |
Changes and Continuity of Salt Throwing in Modern Sumo
Even today, salt throwing remains indispensable, though there have been attempts to reduce the amount of salt or simplify the act to shorten match times. However, audiences voiced strong support for maintaining tradition, and most wrestlers continue to throw salt as before. This shows that salt throwing is not just performance, but an important cultural connection between wrestlers and spectators. To protect the dohyo and preserve tradition, this custom will likely continue far into the future.
Table 4 Evolution of Salt Throwing and Modern Challenges
| Era | Features | Challenges |
|---|---|---|
| Edo Period | Part of imperial and shrine events | Strongly religious |
| Meiji–Showa | Popularized as public entertainment | More theatrical due to larger audiences |
| Modern | Televised and promoted as tourism | Concerns over simplification of rituals |
Conclusion
In sumo, throwing salt is a ritual that symbolizes Japan’s spiritual culture and faith. It not only purifies the dohyo, wards off evil, and prays for safety, but also conveys a cultural message to the audience. Wrestlers compose themselves through this act before stepping into the sacred dohyo. This gesture embodies the fusion of Shinto purification and the competitive spirit of sumo, making it a unique cultural heritage of Japan.
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